Introduction: Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography to secure transactions, control the creation of new units, and verify the transfer of assets. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments, cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks, typically based on blockchain technology — a distributed ledger that records all transactions in a transparent and immutable way. The first and most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, created in 2009 by an anonymous figure known as Satoshi Nakamoto. Since then, thousands of other cryptocurrencies have emerged, such as Ethereum, Ripple (XRP), and Litecoin, each with unique features and purposes. One of the main advantages of cryptocurrencies is their potential for fast, low-cost, and borderless transactions. They also offer a degree of privacy and financial freedom, enabling people to transfer funds without relying on banks or central authorities. However, cryptocurrencies are also known for their price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and susceptibility to cyberattacks if not properly secured. Today, cryptocurrencies are used for various purposes — from online purchases and investments to powering decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. As technology evolves, cryptocurrencies continue to shape the future of global finance, sparking debates about their role, risks, and long-term sustainability.